Hypersonic flow is the study of fluid dynamics at speeds greater than Mach 5, or five times the speed of sound. This high-speed flow regime poses unique challenges and opportunities for researchers, as the gas dynamics and heat transfer phenomena that occur at hypersonic speeds are significantly different from those at lower speeds. Hypersonic flow is of particular interest in the fields of aerospace engineering, missile design, and atmospheric re-entry vehicles, as well as in the development of hypersonic propulsion systems. Researchers in this area focus on understanding the complex interactions between shock waves, boundary layers, and viscous effects, as well as developing advanced computational models and experimental techniques to study and predict hypersonic flow behavior.